Spirochetes and their cyst / granule / L-form

Leishman's drawings of Borrelia duttoni 'granule's' - Ann Inst Pasteur 1918, 32:49-59
Full text article: 1918-Leishman-Granule.htm

*******************************************************************************
In vitro conversion of Borrelia burgdorferi to cystic forms in spinal fluid, and
transformation to mobile spirochetes by incubation in BSK-H medium.
Brorson's. Infection 1998 May-Jun;26(3):144-50.

*******************************************************************************
Serum-starvation-induced changes in protein synthesis and morphology of Borrelia burgdorferi.
Alban et al. Microbiology 2000 Jan;146 ( Pt 1):119-27.

*******************************************************************************
Morphologic characteristics of certain cultured strains of oral spirochetes
and Treponema pallidum as revealed by the electron microscope.
Borrelia vincenti & TP cysts - Hampp EG et al 1948;56:755-69.

*******************************************************************************
Leptospira-cyst.
Ritchie AE Morphology of leptospires pp. 19-37.
Monograph: The biology of parasitic spirochetes Academic Press 1976. QW 155 S989 1975b.

*******************************************************************************
Spheroblast L-form of Borrelia burgdorferi.
Mursic VP et al. Formation and cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi spheroplast-L-form variants.
Infection 1996 May-Jun; 24(3): 218-26

*******************************************************************************
The following picture is from Bowen RTI: www.bowen.org
EDTA-whole-blood from a danish patient with long-term antibiotic responsive remitting-relapsing SERONEGATIVE borreliosis.
This patient also has babesia-like intraerythrocytic parasites and changes in white blood cells suggest morulae of ehrlichia.
Note the similarity of the phase contrast to above picture of the speroblast L-form.
Note also the brightly flourescing remains of cyst membrane at left, after hatching of new spirochetes?